Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR), fatty acids and microRNAs: Implications in women delivering low birth weight babies.

Low birth weight (LBW) babies are associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality at increased risk for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. However, the molecular determinants of LBW not well understood. Placental insufficiency/dysfunction is most frequent etiology fetal growth restriction resulting placental epigenetic processes suggested to be important regulators pregnancy outcome. Early life exposures like altered maternal nutrition may have long-lasting effects on health offspring via mechanisms DNA methylation microRNA (miRNA) regulation. miRNAs been recognized as major gene expression known play an role development. Angiogenesis placenta regulated by transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) which activated ligands such long-chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). In vitro studies different cell types indicate that can influence miRNA We hypothesize acid status regulation PPAR genes women delivering babies. This review provides overview their babies.Abbreviations: AA - Arachidonic Acid; Ago2 Argonaute2; ALA Alpha-Linolenic ANGPTL4 Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; C14MC Chromosome 14 Cluster; C19MC 19 CLA Conjugated Linoleic CSE Cystathionine ?-Lyase; DHA Docosahexaenoic EFA – Essential Fatty Acids; E2F3 E2F 3; EPA Eicosapentaenoic FGFR1 Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1; GDM Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; hADMSCs Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; hBMSCs Bone Marrow HBV Hepatitis B Virus; HCC Hepatocellular Carcinoma; HCPT Hydroxycamptothecin; HFD High-Fat Diet; Hmads Multipotent Adipose-Derived Stem; HSCS Hepatic Stellate IUGR Intrauterine Restriction; LA Birth Weight; LCPUFA Long-Chain Polyunsaturated MEK1 Mitogen-Activated Kinase MiRNA MicroRNA; mTOR Mammalian Target Rapamycin; NCDs NonCommunicable Diseases; OA Oleic PASMC Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell; PLAG1 Pleiomorphic Adenoma Gene Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor; PPAR? alpha; PPAR? gamma; PPAR? delta; pre-miRNA precursor miRNA; RISC RNA-Induced Silencing Complex; ROS Reactive Oxygen Species; SAT Subcutaneous Tissue; WHO World Health Organization